{"id":3909,"date":"2023-09-12T12:52:40","date_gmt":"2023-09-12T12:52:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/"},"modified":"2024-12-09T10:10:03","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T10:10:03","slug":"x-ray-diffraction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/","title":{"rendered":"X-ray diffraction"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3909\" class=\"elementor elementor-3909 elementor-567\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e7be2cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e7be2cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-70dff61\" data-id=\"70dff61\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7deb96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"d7deb96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/home\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1267f4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1267f4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a14af36\" data-id=\"a14af36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d2afb61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d2afb61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea849c8\" data-id=\"ea849c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5d24c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5d24c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">X-ray diffraction&nbsp;<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7a63e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7a63e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a technique based on the phenomenon of elastic scattering of X-rays by crystallized matter.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11b088b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11b088b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It provides access to a wealth of information, both structural<strong>(arrangement of atoms <\/strong>within a material) and microstructural<strong>(size, orientation and microdeformations of crystallites<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5e829f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5e829f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samples can be <strong>single crystals<\/strong>, <strong>powders<\/strong>,<strong>polycrystalline bulk samples<\/strong> or <strong>thin films<\/strong>. The applications vary depending on the type of sample.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1289798 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"1289798\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-310327a\" data-id=\"310327a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e791c7 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e791c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3533\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png 512w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-270x270.png 270w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-192x192.png 192w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5e6f8c elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5e6f8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our X-ray equipment for single crystals<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-61c6b25 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"61c6b25\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-495ff7d plateau-equip\" data-id=\"495ff7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46bf2bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46bf2bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rigaku Synergy S<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4b3a36 elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-circle elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"a4b3a36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/rigaku-synergy-s\/\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ff3ea8\" data-id=\"4ff3ea8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2e2d57\" data-id=\"b2e2d57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2ba1ff8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"2ba1ff8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-956ebcd\" data-id=\"956ebcd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abe8184 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"abe8184\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3533\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png 512w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-270x270.png 270w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-192x192.png 192w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1bc6f5 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a1bc6f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our XRD equipment for powders<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a65e7ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"a65e7ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b302263 plateau-equip\" data-id=\"b302263\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edeb90b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"edeb90b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Panalytical X&#8217;Pert pro<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3858b8c elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-circle elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"3858b8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/panalytical-xpert-pro\/\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c32072c plateau-equip\" data-id=\"c32072c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7289b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7289b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bruker D8 Series II &#8220;Passeur&#8221;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b62874b elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-circle elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"b62874b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/bruker-d8-series-ii-passeur\/\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9156761 plateau-equip\" data-id=\"9156761\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d12085 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d12085\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bruker D8 &#8220;Chambre&#8221;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-328ae26 elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-circle elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"328ae26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/bruker-d8-chambre\/\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d998f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"4d998f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-af127bb plateau-equip\" data-id=\"af127bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e93111 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e93111\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bruker D8 A25 &#8220;Da Vinci&#8221;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54a53d0 elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-circle elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"54a53d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/bruker-d8-a25-da-vinci\/\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-19058cf\" data-id=\"19058cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-84a15e9\" data-id=\"84a15e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e210558 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"e210558\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-42364c7\" data-id=\"42364c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d8572d elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1d8572d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3533\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png 512w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-270x270.png 270w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-192x192.png 192w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a29997 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9a29997\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our thin-film X-ray equipment<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3566e09 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"3566e09\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f69c39f plateau-equip\" data-id=\"f69c39f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76758f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76758f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bruker D8 A25 &#8220;Da Vinci&#8221;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84b0630 elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-circle elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"84b0630\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/bruker-d8-a25-da-vinci\/\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-deeef95\" data-id=\"deeef95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2027ded\" data-id=\"2027ded\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-aae9221\" data-id=\"aae9221\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee6af48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee6af48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-19ececb elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"19ececb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b613408 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"b613408\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Contact and rates<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a8dc71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a8dc71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For access to our XRD instruments and rates, please contact us by email:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bc05d7 elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9bc05d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"mailto:drx-plassmat@cnrs-imn.fr\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">drx-plassmat@cnrs-imn.fr<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e8f8af elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"0e8f8af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Research networks &amp; partnerships<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45e3850 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45e3850\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Local collaborations (LPG and CEISAM)<\/li>\n<li>Strong involvement in two national networks: <a href=\"https:\/\/cdifx.univ-rennes1.fr\/RECIPROCS\/RECIPROCS.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RECIPROCS<\/a> (le r\u00e9seau des Chercheurs et ITA PROfessionnels de la Cristallographie Structurale) and <a href=\"https:\/\/cristech.cnrs.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRISTECH<\/a> (crystal growth and crystallization).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e411073 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"e411073\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2efbd99 elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"2efbd99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdd4efa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cdd4efa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54159ac\" data-id=\"54159ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e3df5ad elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e3df5ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-27b9932\" data-id=\"27b9932\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2b3fee elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e2b3fee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3533\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png 512w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-270x270.png 270w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-192x192.png 192w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dea557c elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dea557c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Examples and applications<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-255c559 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"255c559\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec3c30b\" data-id=\"ec3c30b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9404a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9404a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Single-crystal X-ray diffraction<\/strong> can be used to determine the atomic structure of crystallized solids with great precision, provided the quality of the sample allows it. A wealth of structural information can be deduced to interpret and predict physico-chemical properties at both molecular and extended scales.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95c528b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95c528b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For example, single-crystal XRD has led to the discovery, by members of the Institut des Mat\u00e9riaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, of a new family of lead halide-based hybrid materials with great potential for applications in light-emitting diodes.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9b216c elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f9b216c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-02153940v1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read the publication<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e841e0\" data-id=\"7e841e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b31112 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7b31112\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex1drx_compr.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Diffraction des rayons X sur monocristal\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzcxMCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3BsYXNzbWF0LmNucnMtaW1uLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8xMlwvZXgxZHJ4X2NvbXByLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"980\" height=\"671\" src=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex1drx_compr.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3710\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex1drx_compr.png 980w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex1drx_compr-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex1drx_compr-768x526.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2de2605 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2de2605\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Structure of the two low-dimensional compounds (BAPP)Pb<sub>2<\/sub>Br<sub>8<\/sub> (BAPP = <em>1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine<\/em>) and (TDMP)PbBr<sub>4<\/sub> (TDMP = <em>trans-2<\/em><em>,5-dimethylpiperazine<\/em>) determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. In (TDMP)PbBr4 (right), all potential color centers (Pb<sub>2<\/sub><sup>3+<\/sup>, Pb<sub>2<\/sub><sup>2+<\/sup>Pb<sup>3+<\/sup>, X<sub>2<\/sub><sup>&#8211;<\/sup>, or X<sup>2-<\/sup>; X = halogens) are possible due to the short Pb-Pb distance and the cis-terminal anion X.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be331e9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"be331e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-947daaa elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"947daaa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-edbf4a2\" data-id=\"edbf4a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d993c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d993c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>X-ray powder diffraction<\/strong> gives access not only to atomic structure but also to microstructure. Determining the structure of a totally new compound is possible, even from a powder diffraction diagram subject to numerous overlaps of diffraction peaks, leading to a high degree of ambiguity in determining their characteristics.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fffe00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7fffe00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The adjacent figure shows <em>ab initio<\/em> powder structural resolution and Rietveld refinement from diffraction data of a new lanthanide-free alkali polyoxometalate with water-responsive turn-off\u2013turn-on luminescence properties.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e69ba66 elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e69ba66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03839819v1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read the publication<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e1961f\" data-id=\"6e1961f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b4bb60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8b4bb60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex2drx_compr.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Diffraction des rayons X sur poudre\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzcxMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3BsYXNzbWF0LmNucnMtaW1uLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8xMlwvZXgyZHJ4X2NvbXByLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"996\" height=\"674\" src=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex2drx_compr.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3711\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex2drx_compr.png 996w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex2drx_compr-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex2drx_compr-768x520.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33e5e64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33e5e64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Observed, refined and difference diagrams of anhydrous Na<sub>7<\/sub>[SbW<sub>6<\/sub>O<sub>24<\/sub>] after Rietveld refinement (<em>R<sub>Bragg<\/sub><\/em> = 3.60, GOF = 1.31, <em>R<sub>wp<\/sub><\/em> = 10.74).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88f2928 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"88f2928\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e14d7f elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e14d7f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4db5b74\" data-id=\"4db5b74\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f825855 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f825855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>X-ray diffraction on thin films<\/strong> enables us to identify their crystalline or non-crystalline nature, and to characterize the resulting structure and microstructure.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49e1c72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49e1c72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thin films of <sub>TiO2<\/sub>, a photocatalytic material, were deposited at low temperatures by plasma<em> enhanced chemical vapor deposition<\/em>(PECVD), in continuous mode (CW) and by pulsing the plasma discharge (PD), then analyzed according to their thickness, which was found to have a significant impact on their photocatalytic activity.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39316b3 elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"39316b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/agroparistech.hal.science\/PCM\/hal-03361038v1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read the publication<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f0d8dc\" data-id=\"7f0d8dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acabba5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"acabba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex3drx_compr.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Diffraction des rayons X sur couches minces\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzcxMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3BsYXNzbWF0LmNucnMtaW1uLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8xMlwvZXgzZHJ4X2NvbXByLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1208\" height=\"651\" src=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex3drx_compr.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3712\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex3drx_compr.png 1208w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex3drx_compr-300x162.png 300w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex3drx_compr-1024x552.png 1024w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex3drx_compr-768x414.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1208px) 100vw, 1208px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c2147e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c2147e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(a) X-ray diffraction pattern of thin films deposited by PECVD in continuous (CW, top) and pulsed (PD, bottom) modes. The pattern expected from a randomly oriented sample is represented above by orange bars. (b) Integrated and (c) <em>Lotgering<\/em> factors of crystallographic planes (101): squares, (112): circles, (200): crosses and (211): triangles in CW (black) and pulsed (red) plasma as a function of film thickness.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b1638c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8b1638c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a technique based on the phenomenon of elastic scattering of X-rays by crystallized matter.<br \/>\nIt provides access to a wealth of information, both structural (arrangement of atoms within a material) and microstructural (size, orientation and microdeformations of crystallites).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3805,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3909","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>X-ray diffraction - PLASSMAT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"X-ray diffraction - PLASSMAT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a technique based on the phenomenon of elastic scattering of X-rays by crystallized matter. It provides access to a wealth of information, both structural (arrangement of atoms within a material) and microstructural (size, orientation and microdeformations of crystallites).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PLASSMAT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-09T10:10:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/x-ray-diffraction\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/x-ray-diffraction\\\/\",\"name\":\"X-ray diffraction - PLASSMAT\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/x-ray-diffraction\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/x-ray-diffraction\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/cropped-favicon.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-09-12T12:52:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-09T10:10:03+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/x-ray-diffraction\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/x-ray-diffraction\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/x-ray-diffraction\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/cropped-favicon.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/cropped-favicon.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/x-ray-diffraction\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/home\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Techniques and equipment\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-equipements\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"X-ray diffraction\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"PLASSMAT\",\"description\":\"Plateforme des \u00e9quipements de l&#039;IMN\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"PLASSMAT\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/PLASSMAT.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/PLASSMAT.png\",\"width\":1500,\"height\":1500,\"caption\":\"PLASSMAT\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/institut-des-materiaux-de-nantes\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"X-ray diffraction - PLASSMAT","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"X-ray diffraction - PLASSMAT","og_description":"X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a technique based on the phenomenon of elastic scattering of X-rays by crystallized matter. It provides access to a wealth of information, both structural (arrangement of atoms within a material) and microstructural (size, orientation and microdeformations of crystallites).","og_url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/","og_site_name":"PLASSMAT","article_modified_time":"2024-12-09T10:10:03+00:00","og_image":[{"width":512,"height":512,"url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/","url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/","name":"X-ray diffraction - PLASSMAT","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png","datePublished":"2023-09-12T12:52:40+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-09T10:10:03+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/x-ray-diffraction\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/home\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Techniques and equipment","item":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-equipements\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"X-ray diffraction"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/","name":"PLASSMAT","description":"Plateforme des \u00e9quipements de l&#039;IMN","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/#organization","name":"PLASSMAT","url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PLASSMAT.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PLASSMAT.png","width":1500,"height":1500,"caption":"PLASSMAT"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/institut-des-materiaux-de-nantes\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3909"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4545,"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3909\/revisions\/4545"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}