{"id":4108,"date":"2023-09-12T12:57:24","date_gmt":"2023-09-12T12:57:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/"},"modified":"2024-12-06T08:41:01","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T08:41:01","slug":"xps-spectroscopy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/","title":{"rendered":"XPS spectroscopy"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4108\" class=\"elementor elementor-4108 elementor-612\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e7be2cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e7be2cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-70dff61\" data-id=\"70dff61\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7deb96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"d7deb96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/home\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1267f4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1267f4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a14af36\" data-id=\"a14af36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d2afb61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d2afb61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea849c8\" data-id=\"ea849c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5d24c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5d24c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">XPS spectroscopy<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7a63e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7a63e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) is a surface analysis technique that<strong>identifies all the elements on the sample surface<\/strong> (except H and He) and <strong>determines their relative atomic concentrations<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee22dd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee22dd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Under ultra-high vacuum, X-rays of a selected wavelength (equivalent to 1486 eV) irradiate the sample, which emits photoelectrons. Photoelectrons have specific energies for each element, which makes it possible to determine the chemical composition of the sample.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ace6c21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ace6c21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>XPS also provides<strong>information on chemical groups<\/strong> (degrees of oxidation, sulfidation, fluorination, etc.), thanks to the displacement of core levels. Measuring valence bands can also provide valuable information on the<strong>surface electronic properties<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1289798 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"1289798\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-310327a\" data-id=\"310327a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e791c7 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e791c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3533\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png 512w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-270x270.png 270w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-192x192.png 192w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5e6f8c elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5e6f8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our XPS instruments\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a65e7ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"a65e7ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b302263 plateau-equip\" data-id=\"b302263\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edeb90b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"edeb90b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kratos Nova<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3858b8c elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-circle elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"3858b8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/kratos-nova\/\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c32072c plateau-equip\" data-id=\"c32072c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7289b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7289b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kratos Supra Plus<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b62874b elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-circle elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"b62874b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/kratos-axis-ultra\/\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a5e2e35\" data-id=\"a5e2e35\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-059ccdf elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"059ccdf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a64adc7 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"a64adc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Contact and rates<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e31c27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e31c27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To know the rates and have access to our XPS instruments, please contact us by email:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4979b6e elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4979b6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"mailto:xps-plassmat@cnrs-imn.fr\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">xps-plassmat@cnrs-imn.fr<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7469d3 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"d7469d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Research networks &amp; partnerships<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-060fed6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"060fed6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Member of the <a href=\"https:\/\/fr-spe.cnrs.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Recherche Spectroscopies de Photo\u00e9mission<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Member of the Electron Spectroscopy Division of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vide.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">French Vacuum Society<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Academic collaboration with Matthew Linford (Brigham Young University, USA) to improve XPS data processing;<\/li>\n<li>Collaboration with Neal Fairley, creator of CasaXPS, to develop the XPS technique, from measurement to data processing, and provided educational content (conferences, videos, workshops); <\/li>\n<li>Contributed to the book <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/worldscibooks\/10.1142\/q0392#t=aboutBook\">Applications of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to Catalytic Studies<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e411073 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"e411073\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2efbd99 elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"2efbd99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdd4efa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cdd4efa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54159ac\" data-id=\"54159ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e3df5ad elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e3df5ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-27b9932\" data-id=\"27b9932\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2b3fee elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e2b3fee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3533\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png 512w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-270x270.png 270w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-192x192.png 192w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dea557c elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dea557c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Examples and applications<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-255c559 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"255c559\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec3c30b\" data-id=\"ec3c30b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95c528b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95c528b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Determining the chemical composition and distribution of different chemical compounds on a sample surface:<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fe9aec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9fe9aec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Plasma etching techniques can damage and contaminate materials, which can have an impact on their final properties. Characterization of the etched surface is therefore necessary to enable process control and the development of cleaning procedures.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36a5db4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36a5db4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>XPS imaging analyses were carried out on plasma-etched titanium trenches 25 to 100 \u03bcm wide. These analyses have produced chemical status maps that reveal<strong> the spatial location<\/strong> of the elements (carbon, titanium and nickel).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9b216c elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f9b216c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hal.univ-antilles.fr\/PCM\/hal-03434304v1\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read the publication<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e841e0\" data-id=\"7e841e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b31112 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7b31112\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex2_xp.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"ex2_xp\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzcxNSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3BsYXNzbWF0LmNucnMtaW1uLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8xMlwvZXgyX3hwLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"716\" height=\"212\" src=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex2_xp.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3715\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex2_xp.png 716w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex2_xp-300x89.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17e7caf elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"17e7caf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d2eb9d6 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d2eb9d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-615dc85\" data-id=\"615dc85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e7bb3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e7bb3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Getting information on valence bands:<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03de007 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03de007\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The conversion efficiency of perovskite-based solar cells have recently increased. The use of effective phases made of mixed cations and mixed halide alloys allowed these achievements. The alloy stabilizes the perovskite \u03b1-phase of FAPbI3, which is otherwise unstable at room temperature.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54a44bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54a44bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As part of a publication on the room-temperature synthesis of a new family of lead- and iodide-deficient hybrid \u03b1-FAPbI3 (d-\u03b1-FAPI) perovskites with improved stability, XPS specifically provided information on valence bands.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b010645 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b010645\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It has been shown that d-\u03b1-FAPI phases retain <strong>a direct band gap<\/strong>, which increases monotonically with the amount of (PbI)+ vacancies, with the characteristics of a p-type semiconductor for low vacancy concentrations and n-type for higher concentrations.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21cbddf elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"21cbddf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-01705372\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read the publication<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2cf0eb\" data-id=\"c2cf0eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9df8e59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9df8e59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex1_comp.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"ex1_comp\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzcxNCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3BsYXNzbWF0LmNucnMtaW1uLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8xMlwvZXgxX2NvbXAucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"644\" height=\"354\" src=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex1_comp.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3714\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex1_comp.png 644w, https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/ex1_comp-300x165.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 644px) 100vw, 644px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be331e9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"be331e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-947daaa elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"947daaa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-edbf4a2\" data-id=\"edbf4a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d993c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d993c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This video shows how to <strong>analyze the different oxidation states of copper<\/strong> Cu metal, Cu with intermediate oxidation state Cu<sup>+2<\/sup>, using copper Augers. The different degrees of copper oxidation were generated by ion erosion.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e1961f\" data-id=\"6e1961f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6265ffb elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"6265ffb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/TjII_Qza6cw?si=CbH_h4O_1CpkQy9I&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1334392 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1334392\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Measurements were carried out at the Institut des Mat\u00e9riaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel and analysis by Casa Software limited (UK).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8bacab elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f8bacab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) is a surface analysis technique that identifies all the elements on the sample surface (except H and He) and determines their relative atomic concentrations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3805,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4108","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>XPS spectroscopy - PLASSMAT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"XPS spectroscopy - PLASSMAT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) is a surface analysis technique that identifies all the elements on the sample surface (except H and He) and determines their relative atomic concentrations.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PLASSMAT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-06T08:41:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/xps-spectroscopy\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/xps-spectroscopy\\\/\",\"name\":\"XPS spectroscopy - PLASSMAT\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/xps-spectroscopy\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/xps-spectroscopy\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/cropped-favicon.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-09-12T12:57:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-06T08:41:01+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/xps-spectroscopy\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/xps-spectroscopy\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/xps-spectroscopy\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/cropped-favicon.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/cropped-favicon.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-and-equipment\\\/xps-spectroscopy\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/home\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Techniques and equipment\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/techniques-equipements\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"XPS spectroscopy\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"PLASSMAT\",\"description\":\"Plateforme des \u00e9quipements de l&#039;IMN\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"PLASSMAT\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/PLASSMAT.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/PLASSMAT.png\",\"width\":1500,\"height\":1500,\"caption\":\"PLASSMAT\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/institut-des-materiaux-de-nantes\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"XPS spectroscopy - PLASSMAT","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"XPS spectroscopy - PLASSMAT","og_description":"XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) is a surface analysis technique that identifies all the elements on the sample surface (except H and He) and determines their relative atomic concentrations.","og_url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/","og_site_name":"PLASSMAT","article_modified_time":"2024-12-06T08:41:01+00:00","og_image":[{"width":512,"height":512,"url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/","url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/","name":"XPS spectroscopy - PLASSMAT","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png","datePublished":"2023-09-12T12:57:24+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-06T08:41:01+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cropped-favicon.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-and-equipment\/xps-spectroscopy\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/home\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Techniques and equipment","item":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/techniques-equipements\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"XPS spectroscopy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/","name":"PLASSMAT","description":"Plateforme des \u00e9quipements de l&#039;IMN","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/#organization","name":"PLASSMAT","url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PLASSMAT.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PLASSMAT.png","width":1500,"height":1500,"caption":"PLASSMAT"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/institut-des-materiaux-de-nantes\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4108"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4532,"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4108\/revisions\/4532"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plassmat.cnrs-imn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}